Research and Publication Ethics

Authors, reviewers, and editors all have rights and responsibilities during the publication process. Unfortunately, there have been several recent situations of unethical behavior by individuals and groups in association with SEPM publications.

To facilitate clear and explicit communication of expectations, SEPM recently provided on the SEPM web page a new statement of ethics in research and publications that outlines general principles of research and publication ethics and acceptable conduct. This general policy statement includes aspects of:

1) Author Inclusion and Exclusion;

2) Data and Copyright Issues;

3) Editor and Reviewer Roles; and

4) Research Misconduct – Recognition and Guidelines for Action. 

As written, the statement includes eleven guidelines and principles cover important topics that should be read and understood by anyone who submits or reviews manuscripts for publication by SEPM, including JSR.  This statement can be found on-line at: http://www.sepm.org/pages.aspx?pageid=304.  Please take a few seconds to review this material, and hopefully avoid any future issues.

Reviewer Comments

Oh, JSR reviewers.  As you make constructive and insightful comments to help authors improve their manuscripts, you also provide some really entertaining, but perhaps less penetrating, moments. Some recent comments (verbatim) by reviewers in this latter category include the following:

• “This reads like a mystery novel, or a poker tourney, with so much dodging and hedging. Call a spade a spade, and get on with it.”
• “Hopefully they will send it somewhere else so I don't have to review it a 4th time!!”
• “This is one of the worst paper I never reviewed!”
• “I even got to the point where I began to question my own judgment - can it really be that bad?”
• “Sorry for delay - I'll spare you all the usually lame excuses for why I'm so lame; lameness just has a way of creeping up on me this time of year….”

Beyond reviewer comments, one person declined to accept to review a manuscript. His reason for declining to review was quite simple: "Even the title is terminally boring." 

There is a message for authors in his comment, or so it would seem.

Highlights—Deep-Water Jumps

Stratigraphy commonly is interpreted within hierarchical, or scale dependent, frameworks that subdivide deposits based on interpretations of distinct jumps in characteristics at certain scales. Here Straub and Pyles use the compensation index to describe the architecture of stratigraphy exposed in outcrops of submarine-fan strata in the Carboniferous Ross Sandstone representing contrasting architectural styles, including predominantly lobe elements and predominantly channel elements. Results indicate statistically significant increases in the strength of compensation across larger hierarchical levels, consistent with hierarchical interpretations of stratigraphy, and that lobe elements stack more compensationally than channel elements. The results are interpreted to reflect compensation increases along a longitudinal transect through this distributive submarine fan, and that some characteristics of sedimentary systems are hierarchical, whereas others are fractal.

Quantifying the hierarchical organization of compensation in submarine fans using surface statistics by Kyle M. Straub and David R. Pyles

Highlights—Rivers on the Down Low(stand)

Many hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs include cyclic strata, and understanding the controls can provide important predictive insights.  In this study, Sullivan and Sullivan   examine the unconformity-bounded estuarine and fluvial sandstones of middle Eocene Domengine Formation of the Sacramento basin, California.  The results illustrate that tectonism controlled the location of incised fluvial and estuarine systems that stack vertically and trend southwest toward the structurally controlled depocenter, but that eustasy controlled the timing of the regressive-transgressive depositional cyclicity.  These results provide a conceptual model for architecture, thickness trends, and facies distribution in this, and perhaps other, lowstand river-dominated estuarine units.

Sequence stratigraphy and incised valley architecture of the Domengine Formation, Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve and the southern Sacramento basin, California, U.S.A. by Raymond Sullivan and Morgan D. Sullivan

Highlights—'N Synch in the Paradox

As environments near mean sea level, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shallow marine and coastal systems are sensitive to both relative changes in sea level and climate shifts.  Jordan and Mountney document facies, stratigraphy, and cyclicity in the Pennsylvanian-Permian lower Cutler beds of the Paradox Basin, USA, to explore variability in contemporaneously active eolian, fluvial, and shallow marine systems.  The results indicate that relative changes in sea level and climate shifts were linked, and how each of these distinct subenvironments responded to these changes.  The data provide a conceptual model for stratigraphic architecture within and among cycles and, based on these insights, offers a conceptual model for correlation strategies that should be applicable to other mixed systems.  

Sequence stratigraphic evolution and cyclicity of an ancient coastal desert system: the Pennsylvanian–Permian Lower Cutler Beds, Paradox Basin, Utah, U.S.A. by Oliver D. Jordan and Nigel P. Mountney

A Look Back…80 years ago: Microbial Carbonates

Although application of new tools to study microbial processes have revealed novel insights into the role of microbes on calcium carbonate precipitation and accumulation of many limestone successions, the role of micro-organisms was postulated long ago.  For example, eighty years ago, Gee reviewed the observations and interpretations of the role of bacterial activity on the character and accumulation of carbonates.  The review suggested that “…the inferences have usually outrun the established facts.”  He surmised that “biological and the chemical aspects of this geological problem can therefore not be considered as distinct from one another,” but that at least in some settings, the biologic component may be the limiting factor.  The study cautioned, however, that “sulphur organisms, with endocellular calcareous granules, are the only bacteria to which the phrase ‘specific precipitating power’ applies….”

Inorganic marine limestone by Haldane Gee

A Look Back…75 years ago: Microbial Lacustrine Carbonates

Although recent discoveries and exploitation in the South Atlantic have re-emphasized their importance, for many years, lacustrine carbonates have been de-emphasized relative to their more abundant open marine counterparts.  Seventy-five years ago, Twenhofel described bottom sediment in Lake Monona in Wisconsin.  The study of cores from this lake revealed black organic-rich sludge underlain by lighter-colored firm marls.  Perhaps heralding recent emphasis into the importance of microbial processes in lacustrine carbonates, the results were interpreted to reflect the importance of bacteria in degradation of organic matter, precipitation of calcium carbonate, and, ultimately, the manner and style of accumulation of these lake deposits.

The Bottom Sediments of Lake Monona, a Fresh-Water Lake of Southern Wisconsin by William. H. Twenhofel    

A Look Back…50 years ago: The Evolving Science of Stratigraphy

For many years, the field of stratigraphy was largely a descriptive science.  In his address as president of SEPM in 1962, Sloss suggested that the aspects of stratigraphy which addressed the “patterns in space and time formed by the bodies of rock” that form sedimentary rocks remained poorly understood due in part because of the “awesome complexities involved.”  He advocated an approach in which stratigraphy might become more predictive and quantitative, facilitated by “analysis of sedimentologic data in terms of specific process variables which interact to produce an observable stratigraphic response,” such as a distinct geometry or composition.

Stratigraphic Models in Exploration by Lawrence L. Sloss

Highlights – Not All Mud Is Transported Equally...

Understanding the genesis of muddy successions, although widespread and stratigraphically and economically important, has lagged behind that of its coarser counterparts.  In this paper, Plint et al. address the question of how was mud transported for more than 200 km across a shallow, low-gradient ramp in the Upper Cretaceous foreland basin of Alberta, Canada?  Microscopic examination shows that organic-rich mudstone (up to 11% TOC; a major source-rock) was transported mainly in the form of low density silt-size aggregates of clay mineral grains.  Aggregates are relatively well consolidated and are interpreted to have been reworked from shallowly-buried (cm-dm) sediment and transported as bedload by storms-driven combined and geostrophic flows on this extremely low-gradient ramp.  These results illustrate a means by which clay mineral-rich sediment, far removed from their source, can accumulate in relatively shallow water and preserve organic matter.

Bedload transport of mud across a wide, storm-influenced ramp: Cenomanian–Turonian Kaskapau Formation, Western Canada Foreland Basin by A. Guy Plint, Joe H.S. Macquaker, and Bogdan L. Varban

Highlights – Microbialites and Morphology

Understanding how microbialites record biological processes is essential for interpreting ancient microbial ecology and evolution.  To explore these processes, Harwood and Sumner evaluate how closely microbialite microstructures reflect the morphology and organization of the microbial community as opposed to other environmental or diagenetic processes in stromatolites and thrombolites in the Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite.  Here, these units preserve clotted and laminated microfabrics with variable preservation of microbial growth structures. This study demonstrates that diverse microfabrics in Beck Spring microbialites reflect both the morphology and organization of microbial communities as well as secondary degradational processes, and provides criteria for distinguishing these origins. Applying these criteria to ancient microbialites will facilitate evaluation of whether preserved diverse microstructures reflect variable preservation or an ecologically complex microbial community.

Origins of microbial microstructures in the Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite: variations in microbial community and timing of lithification by Cara L. Harwood and Dawn Y. Sumner

Highlights – Deltas and Sea Level

Sequence stratigraphic characterization represents an important means to subdivide complex stratigraphic successions, but the means to do so and the genetic implications continue to be debated.  In this paper, Zhu et al. describe sequence stratigraphic and chronometric analysis of extensively exposed outcrops of the Ferron Notom delta complex in south-central Utah, interpreted in the context of shoreline trajectory and accommodation-succession models.  A local accommodation curve of the deltaic complex is interpreted to indicate high-frequency and high-amplitude sea-level changes, and reflecting glacio-eustasy.  The paper implicates high-frequency and high-amplitude eustatic sea-level change as a control, driven by waxing or waning of small- to medium-sized ice sheets during episodic and ephemeral glaciations in the Antarctic region during the Late Cretaceous.

Milankovitch-scale sequence stratigraphy and stepped forced regressions of the Turonian Ferron Notom Deltaic Complex, south-central Utah, U.S.A. by Yijie Zhu, Janok P. Bhattacharya, Weiguo Li, Thomas J. Lapen, Brian R. Jicha, and Brad S. Singer

Highlights – Proglacial Processes

Past and present proglacial sedimentary systems record valuable information about critical phases of the Earth’s climatic history.  Although glacial outburst-related sedimentation has been identified in proglacial outwash systems, the behavior of glacial outburst flows when entering the sea are poorly understood. Here, Girard et al. document an Upper Ordovician proglacial sand-rich delta-front succession preserved in southwestern Libya, exploring how the proglacial delta front responded to sediment and meltwater discharge inputs of varying magnitude and frequency. The observations and interpretations, consistent with Pleistocene analogs, should be applicable to other paleoglaciations, and provide conceptual model for studies on management and vulnerability of groundwater and the development of glaciogenic hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Occurrence of hyperpycnal flows and hybrid event beds related to glacial outburst events in a Late Ordovician proglacial delta (Murzuq Basin, SW Libya) by Flavia Girard, Jean-François Ghienne, and Jean-Loup Rubino

Highlights – Palustrine Oolite – Rocks, but Hold the Roll

Marine ooids commonly are interpreted in the context of hydrodynamic processes, but palustrine ooids are less well understood.  Miller and James explore how palustrine ooids are produced in situ and without the necessity of grain movement.  Samples from the Nullarbor Plain in Australia reveal a suite of microbially produced structures within degraded minimicrite cortical laminae.  These ooids are interpreted to be controlled seasonal wet-dry alternations in the soil which, coupled with microbially mediated mineral precipitation, led to formation of laminae (and ooids) in place.

Autogenic microbial genesis of middle Miocene palustrine ooids; Nullarbor Plain, Australia by Cody R. Miller and Noel P. James

A Look Back...5 years – Seismic Geomorphology

Recognition, characterization, and analysis of paleo-geomorphic patterns in seismic data is a relatively new field.  In this contribution, Wood describes an example of how integrated seismic data, core and log information can be utilized to characterize and predict the nature and architecture of subsurface reservoirs.  This study focused on fluvial, deltaic, and shallow marine systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and described how morphometric analysis – constrained by log and core data, as well as experimental and modern analogs – can provide unique predictive insights into spatial variability in reservoir distribution and quality.   These quantitative analyses suggested some of the valuable information that can be provided by seismic data, beyond that offered by standard sequence analyses.

Quantitative Seismic Geomorphology of Pliocene and Miocene Fluvial Systems in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. by Leslie Wood

A Look Back...10 years – Self-Organized Tidal Flats

Although stratigraphers have long recognized that carbonate facies bodies are finite entities, characterizing their dimensions and interpreting the controlling parameters has remained a fundamental challenge.  In this paper, Rankey described a quantitative analysis of spatial patterns of subfacies size, abundance, and distribution using remote sensing data from the carbonate tidal flats of Andros Island in the Bahamas.  The results of the study revealed systematic trends in size-frequency distributions and of gaps between similar subfacies, patterns interpreted to represent power-law distributions.  These results were interpreted to be “inconsistent with models suggesting that tidal flats include a migrating complex of randomly distributed, randomly sized subenvironments,” but instead that the tidal flats are shaped by feedbacks and self-organization.

Spatial Patterns of Sediment Accumulation on a Holocene Carbonate Tidal Flat, Northwest Andros Island, Bahamas by Eugene C. Rankey

A Look Back...25 Years – Ooids and Environment

Ooids are common in many stratigraphic successions, and have provided insights into paleo-oceanographic, paleo-climatic, and paleo-depositional trends.  Here, Chow and James document the mineralogy, cortical fabrics, and diagenesis of ooids in a Middle and Upper Cambrian succession from Newfoundland.  The data from this succession revealed differences in the character of ooids in subtidal and intertidal environments, although the variability and preservation also were influenced by burial diagenesis.  These results illustrating facies-specific characteristics were interpreted to reflect the primacy of local environmental conditions (turbulence and topography) on the character of ooids in the Cambrian, distinct from more global controls on ooid type and distribution today.

Facies-Specific, Calcitic and Bimineralic Ooids from Middle and Upper Cambrian Platform Carbonates, Western Newfoundland, Canada by Nancy Chow and Noel P. James

Highlights – Quartz Sand Cementation

Cementation in sandstone is spatially variable.  McBride documents cementation patterns in the Eureka Sandstone, a classic early Paleozoic quartz arenite sand sheet that was deposited across much of the western United States, and investigates why in some places it is friable and others is referred to as a “quartzite,” even in the same outcrop.  The results of the study illustrate how heterogeneous early quartz cementation leads to heterogeneous compaction; the culprit is interpreted to be related to the distribution of an authigenic illite coating on some grains that acted to retard quartz cementation.  The data indicate how cementation by quartz is not always a homogeneous process and quartzite and friable sandstones can exist in close proximity.

                             

Heterogeneous packing and quartz cementation of the Eureka Quartzarenite (Middle Ordovician), Utah and Nevada, U.S.A. by Earle F. McBride

Highlights – Burrows and Early Dolomite

Evaluating the controls on early dolomite formation in ancient rocks is challenging due to a lack of reliable proxies that can be used to infer microscale environmental conditions of dolomitization.  Corlett and Jones examine sedimentological and geochemical differences between dolomite- and calcite-filled burrows in Devonian rocks from the Lonely Bay Formation, in the Northwest Territories, Canada.  An integration of various geochemical and sedimentological analyses explains why dolomite formed in some of these burrows whereas others are filled with calcite. The results of this study highlight the role of sulphate-reducing bacteria, oxygenation, and different types of organic material in early dolomite precipitation.

Petrographic and geochemical contrasts between calcite- and dolomite-filled burrows in the Middle Devonian Lonely Bay Formation, Northwest Territories, Canada: implications for dolomite formation in Paleozoic burrows by Hilary J. Corlett and Brian Jones

Highlights – Deltas and Deliverance

Most geologists would agree that shelf-edge delta processes are related to deep-water sand delivery, but the details of this linkage are somewhat uncertain.  Dixon et al. utilize a dataset of 29 examples of linked shelf, shelf-edge and deep-water strata and postulate that the depositional processes in operation at shelf-edge deltas (the 'process regime' of the delta) is intimately linked with the style of sediment transport on the associated slope and basin floor. The understanding of this link between delta process regime and deep-water stratigraphy provides insights into sedimentary source to sink systems and predictive conceptual models for hydrocarbon exploration.

Shelf-edge delta regime as a predictor of deep-water deposition by J.F. Dixon, R.J. Steel, and C. Olariu

Highlights

Derived from igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary sources and physically and chemically resilient, quartz is the dominant mineral in sandstone.  Yet, Augustsson and Reker argue, it has been underutilized as a provenance tool.  In this paper, they illustrate a methodology for utilizing quartz wavelength spectra and cathodoluminescence character of individual grains of different crystalline sources as an objective means for evaluating their provenance.  The results highlight the utility of reflectance spectra (as opposed to more subjective descriptions of “color”) to provide unique insights into the source of quartz in sedimentary rocks.

Cathodolumenescence spectra of quartz as provenance indicators revisited by Carita Augustsson and Annalena Reker